Typically, it may take around 2 to 5 years to register a Patent in India.
Yes, the grant/ registration process for a Patent can be expedited.
In case of National Phase Patent application based out of PCT International Application, an "express request" can be filed in a requisite form along with the prescribed fees for expediting the processing/ examination of the Patent application. On filing a regular examination request, a Patent application is only examined after 31 months from the earliest priority date, however, on filing an "express request", a Patent application may be examined before 31 months from the earliest priority date.
In case of a Convention Patent application or an Ordinary Patent application, a "request for early publication" along with a request for examination can be filed in requisite forms along with the prescribed fees. On filing a "request for early publication", a Patent application is ordinarily published within one month of filing such a request that otherwise would ordinarily be published after 18 months from the date of filing/ priority date of the Patent application. Since a Patent Application is only examined after publication, an early publication assists in putting the Patent application in the examination queue earlier than the usual timeframe wherein examination process commences after 18 months (i.e., after publication) from the date of filing/ priority date.